Paper back version" The first-line colored combat troops never exceeded 6,000 men serving in combat units. An additional 4,000 auxiliaries joined them and were recruited in the South for picket duty. Statistically, only 30,000 of the 179,000 black volunteers were combat troops.[1] Because of Union prejudice, African American uniformed soldiers were not used in combat as much as they might have been.[2] It was not until 1864 that Congress granted equal pay to the US Colored Troops.[3]In terms of the Confederacy, more than 380,000 were conscripted to work for the Confederate military in precisely the same jobs as we see above that non-combatant Union Afro-Americans were assigned. The differenc...

Thanks to the new movement for historians, concentrating on the small picture of everyday life, much of the life of Jews throughout “modern” history has been revealed. Everyday history can best be understood and defined as a background story of mass movements and outsiders. Individuals not included in history are an essential part of the history-from-below theory's primary focus, which includes the disenfranchised, the oppressed, the poor, the nonconformists, the subaltern, and the otherwise forgotten people. This theory also usually focuses on events occurring in the fullness of time or when an overwhelming wave of smaller events causes certain developments. Historians of everyday life ...

After the Civil War broke out, abolitionists argued that enlisting black soldiers would help the North win the war and would be a massive step in the fight for equal rights. President Lincoln did not adopt this policy.  He believed, as did his cabinet, that arming African Americans, especially the former or escaped slaves, would force the critical, so far loyal border states to secede.  This reaction would cripple the Union’s war effort and ultimately lead to defeat for the North.  Federal law, dating back to 1792, barred blacks from bearing arms in the army, even though this law was temporarily waived during the Revolution and the War of 1812.   &nb...

This story is a flow of consciousness from a man, who started out as an auto mechanic, realized his dream of being a Pilot Captain, grew old (as we all do), and searched for meaning in his life.This is his story as told to me over the years. My former name was Tim before I pulled up stakes and immigrated to Israel where I translated my names into Hebrew (David Ramati being the translation of Tim Bratvold) so he refers to me in here as Tim. Donald is part big bother and surrogate father. There is 12 years between us and he never had much to do with me until I was in my early teens when he became my hunting, fishing and safari buddy, philosophy lecturer, and an all-around interesting part of m...

Why have Jews contributed disproportionately to intellectual achievement during several periods of history? What has been the significance to humanity of this Jewish intellectual achievement? For almost 2,000 years, Jews have developed both a high value to education that emphasizes questioning. Jews have a long tradition of mystic- questioning- of epistemology and of what constitutes "knowledge." Such questioning turns out to be highly relevant to understanding 21st century physics, and particularly quantum mechanics and cosmology. Kabbalah- the main part of Jewish mysticism- actually has nothing directly to do with religion nor does not attempt to identify God or Gods beyond an unknown and ...

The story of a young marine who returns from Vietnam to find that he has lost everything that he thought he was fighting for. It is as relevant today as it was then. Fire and Rain charts the dark world of the mind and explains why so many veterans never left Vietnam. This edition includes Phoenix Rising, which continues the story. It deals with PTSD and the effect of combat on young men.Author's note: Unlike other memoirs, this book is not written in the first person until the very end. Have. I used the “I” identification, and “Tim” takes up his civilian life again... The reason for this can be understood now when we know PTSD Dissociation is a necessity that is born out of survival....